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答案来源：www.ybaotk.com0129 物理化学
1.[单选题] 欲要比较各种电解质的导电能力的大小，更为合理应为 ( )
答案资料下载请参考
说明
A.电解质的电导率值
B.电解质的极限摩尔电导率值
C.电解质的摩尔电导率值
D.电解质的电导值
2.[单选题] 浓度为 0.1 mol·kg-1 的 MgCl2 水溶液，其离子强度为 （ ）
A.0.3 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>
B.0.1 mol·kg-1
C.0.2 mol·kg-1
D.0.15 mol·kg-1
3.[单选题] 三相点是: ( )
A.F.液体的蒸气压等于25℃时的蒸气压三倍数值时的温度
B.某一温度,超过此温度,液相就不能存在
C.固体、液体和气体可以平衡共存时的温度和压力
D.通常发现在很靠近正常沸点的某一温度
4.[单选题] 相律在下列体系中何者不适用？ ( )
A.NaCl饱和水溶液
B.NaCl水溶液
C.NaCl过饱和水溶液
D.NaCl水溶液与纯水达渗透平衡
5.[单选题] 理想气体卡诺循环的图为下列四种情况中的哪一种? ( )
A.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632917864898064877.png" title="202109291632917864898064877.png" alt="image.png"/>
B.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632917736673074333.png" title="202109291632917736673074333.png" alt="image.png"/>
C.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632917816083048036.png" title="202109291632917816083048036.png" alt="image.png"/>
D.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632917838802030430.png" title="202109291632917838802030430.png" alt="image.png"/>
6.[单选题] 两个活化能不相同的反应，如 E2> E1，且都在相同的升温度区间内升温，则： ( )
A.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918763582001827.png" title="202109291632918763582001827.png" alt="image.png"/>
B.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918733436075281.png" title="202109291632918733436075281.png" alt="image.png"/>
C.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918748783089966.png" title="202109291632918748783089966.png" alt="image.png"/>
D.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918795482061429.png" title="202109291632918795482061429.png" alt="image.png"/>
7.[单选题] 某化学反应在298 K时的标准吉布斯自由能变化为负值,则该温度时反应的K将是：( )
A.K> 1
B.K= 0
C.0 < K< 1
D.K< 0
8.[单选题] 电解时, 在阳极上首先发生氧化作用而放电的是： ( )
A.标准还原电势最大者
B.考虑极化后，实际上的不可逆还原电势最小者
C.考虑极化后，实际上的不可逆还原电势最大者
D.标准还原电势最小者
9.[单选题] 下列对铁表面防腐方法中属于"电化保护"的是： ( )
A.Fe表面上镶嵌Zn块
B.表面喷漆
C.加缓蚀剂
D.电镀
10.[单选题] 关于亨利系数,下列说法中正确的是: ( )
A.其值与温度、浓度和压力有关
B.其值与温度、溶质性质和浓度有关
C.其值与温度、溶剂性质和浓度有关
D.其值与温度、溶质和溶剂性质及浓度的标度有关
11.[单选题] 相律在下列体系中何者不适用？ ( )
A.NaCl饱和水溶液
B.NaCl过饱和水溶液
C.NaCl水溶液
D.NaCl水溶液与纯水达渗透平衡
12.[单选题] 某实际气体反应，用逸度表示的平衡常数<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{K}^{\Theta }_{f}"/>随下列哪些因素而变： ( )
A.温度
B.催化剂
C.惰性气体的量
D.体系的总压力
13.[单选题] 理想气体反应 N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(g) = N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g) + (1/2) O<sub>2</sub>(g) 的<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918371194010722.png" title="202109291632918371194010722.png" alt="image.png"/>为 41.84 kJ×mol<sup>-1</sup>，Δ<em>C</em><em><sub>p</sub></em>= 0，试问增加 N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>平衡产率的条件是： （ ）
A.提高压力
B.等温等容加入惰性气体
C.降低温度
D.提高温度
14.[单选题] CaCl2 摩尔电导率与其离子的摩尔电导率的关系是： ( )
A.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918498925025148.png" title="202109291632918498925025148.png" alt="image.png"/>
B.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918529124061519.png" title="202109291632918529124061519.png" alt="image.png"/>
C.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918512551068282.png" title="202109291632918512551068282.png" alt="image.png"/>
D.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632918486796015905.png" title="202109291632918486796015905.png" alt="image.png"/>
15.[单选题] 下列示意图描述了原电池和电解池中电极的极化规律, 其中表示原电池阳极的是： ( )
<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/04/202110041633360187776063127.png" title="202110041633360187776063127.png" alt="image.png"/>
A.曲线4
B.曲线1
C.曲线2
D.曲线3
16.[单选题] 在等温、等压下,电池以可逆方式对外作电功的热效应QR等于: ( )
A.<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJAAAAAtCAYAAABBEuITAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAABnhJREFUeF7tmnWobVUQh79nByqChd2Jiq0YoKIY2IqtGGCgYmMHJoIdWGB3K2KLgRjoHyZYKDZ2YgcfzILNYZ/99jn7vX328a0Flwv3rrXXzKzfmvnNzJpAHtkCDSwwocHavDRbgAygDIJGFsgAamS+vDgDKGOgkQUygBqZLy/OAMoYaGSBDKBG5suLM4AyBhpZIAOokfny4gygjIFGFsgAamS+vLgLAJoGWAfYGfgZ+BJYAvgbuBZ4EfhnjI9qq9DtAOC7AfVYFNgRWAmYHfgL+BR4F7g7fs8P7ACsBswD/Al8AbwNPAq8POCeA00fJYDcew3gBOAJ4Ergl4L0ywFXAE8DZ/b8byAlRzjZQ1eHTYDt40CHEWe9sIPfOgz4teQjKwB3Am8A+wwB1mHkGlkvTK+zZxjjoDDOvyUarA3cBFwKnBdeaShFR7RoY2AzwN96UnUtXpK6Ygka9T8cOL/PIj3VrcBZwIlt2WoUHkjw7A8cCewNPFlhxRnDYN5A3fSbdS3egXmzxoFfBRwIHAxsE952EPGSDfYLID5WsthzPDl+dgJuG2SDJnNHASBvo672HODsiOtVOmi4ywN0uvBxGRsCCwLXAIYXvcMzFSGon17zhheeBRAc75VMnA24GlgxQuVrbRmpbQAtDNwYyu0GfFhD0V1jTauuuYZcVVNmBo4DLgE+B6YHzgB2CRAIpLpjzeBOjwD7Aj+ULFw8APoVsDvwdd2PN53XJoDcy1h+LnBEhKYy3tOrUwJQFYFsaodJvd6Qu1hkkUnH1YF7gTuAo4Hfa26aPHDVBdooQCY/Ogb4o+a3G09rE0DJFS8FbA28VFP6YyMLGxcPpLfxglwXKXdS078btuVydfWfLsK8F6+K2ySSbWJyfU27TpJpbQIo3ZKHB3CzMwEXhuuWePdyoGUiy5FAXgQ8DiwArB83Uq5l7aQ45BKnA0sPYUEzKAFtjaXf0NNYk7kM6PWwyQvdDBxfwwulS7cK8FCf1HzqKIfMAWwBvDKEXkMvaRNAyZMM4mYXAjT28sCmwHMlmpq+CqBiljYfcEMU2+QhbQ29zFFBej8o2bSYVepRJkZ2Bc4DoXc//pNsZNgy3H/WlrLu0xaAZgjuYzpbVcvo1X1b4K7gDXKB3kpuSl8tSBbJYzooK7N7tVVUA1YF1gry3I/fmZ3dA1wAnDqRes0eEQqrwncqMurxDJ2//R8BVKxlmH1ZHJzYMJPRe2wX4LivZEFKXy3vSx6T8dLfbY0MW7ybmHy9/7e+JRcxbJZ5nzQ/6SXoq2pbRf5jO+T+PgIl/lMW4gfVYeD5bXmgYqGrLoBSvcgWRz++kNLX24OgJgPINW4JUJn1tDFsvcjzLq5RBU66VXkhOY1h2GzONkhZuEsc0TDuN19oQ9HiHm0ByD03j0M1E7EmooufKhqnGut14McQTnJsAU6j6Vm+7WMYD8wQZyP2wZgj/5FQy5f83QaJlsgaPvSSVQQ7qWGVWqBZ+PPwy9ak3tY74YHLGrEj5T9tciD3SkYzS5KvfB/hRZL4fpT79SQOe18fhef5qeJW6b5txkrMP4nbaif/NOCtkixocl1QSxOGGWtcviKoM5yvhzmlT02sTm/LXqHZmYlGvyZrHVmGntOmB1JID9em4MdxW+csVKbNIJYFVo6DsEdW9YwjEXM9TiLKCaSvBklt4xlI8j7fxEWoexjyNEOzMupBi7zJb3oJzFz7hXzPTt4jeR4kMakrX615bQNIoSTUpuR6IWsyAkUwrBvhyL5XCjsCTkOXvWlJNZJnC9lM4lpmQ35/0Pc3tYzWM2mRCM2S4mHHoRFu09seQ9OSEeJNBKztpLc9c0VRUW6U5mgv+c9TgPZobYwCQP2U0wULJFNWh7LZwZbLlBXHrJHIf+zqm/k4Uvblo7TWU9rWTq1DG3UJQL5h8QFW6uVIpL2Z9o3KGoiGPENAMRVOWZk9Jx+hbQAYzmwy5jEZLNA1APmS7pB4kikHsK/TWzOS55ih6IGmjezt+cjgrLFYlZZb+cpRLuH63kxsMphyyvxklwCUus7pJCSHep9hXvBNmac5Aq27BKC5I/vaMt62nBSeaARmyVvWtUCXAFRX5jyvQxbIAOrQYYyjKBlA43hqHZI5A6hDhzGOomQAjeOpdUjmDKAOHcY4ipIBNI6n1iGZM4A6dBjjKEoG0DieWodkzgDq0GGMoygZQON4ah2S+T9TUlA9hGW8yQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" data-latex="{Q}_{R}=\Delta H"/>
B.
C.
D.<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{Q}_{R}=nEF"/>
17.[单选题] 理想气体绝热向真空膨胀，则： ( )
A.A.ΔS = 0，W = 0
B.ΔG = 0，ΔH = 0
C.ΔU = 0，ΔG = 0
D.Δ<em>H</em> = 0，Δ<em>U</em> = 0
18.[单选题] 对二级相变而言，则 ( )
A.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632899879750081877.png" title="202109291632899879750081877.png" alt="image.png"/>
B.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632899819736077527.png" title="202109291632899819736077527.png" alt="image.png"/>
C.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632899856374083599.png" title="202109291632899856374083599.png" alt="image.png"/>
D.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632899837595039366.png" title="202109291632899837595039366.png" alt="image.png"/>
19.[单选题] 已知<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632920542039085510.png" title="202109291632920542039085510.png" alt="image.png"/>，将金属铁粉和镉粉丢入含Fe<sup>2+</sup>(0.1 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>) 和Cd<sup>2+</sup>(0.001 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>) 的溶液中，铁粉和镉粉是否会溶解 ： ( )
A.铁粉和镉粉皆会溶解
B.铁粉溶解、镉粉不溶
C.铁粉和镉粉皆不会溶解
D.镉粉溶解、铁粉不溶
20.[单选题] 25℃时水的饱和蒸气压为3.168 kPa,此时液态水的标准生成吉布斯自由能<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633766962641019341.png" title="202110091633766962641019341.png" alt="image.png"/>为- 237.19 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>,则水蒸气的标准生成吉布斯自由能为
( )
A.-229.34 kJ×mol-1
B.-228.60 kJ×mol<sup>-1</sup>
C.-245.76 kJ×mol-1
D.-245.04 kJ×mol-1
21.[单选题] 等温下，电极-溶液界面处电位差主要决定于： （ ）
A.电极表面状态
B.电极与溶液接触面积的大小
C.溶液中相关离子浓度
D.电极的本性和溶液中相关离子活度
22.[单选题] 下列电解质水溶液中摩尔电导率最大的是： ( )
A.0.001 mol·kg-1 ?HAc
B.0.001 mol·kg<sup>-1 </sup>?HCl
C.0.001 mol·kg-1 ?KOH
D.0.001 mol·kg-1? KCl
23.[单选题] 恒温下，单一组分的过冷液体的化学势比其固体的化学势： ( )
A.相等
B.低
C.不可比较
D.高
24.[单选题] 298 K 时，蔗糖水溶液与纯水达渗透平衡时，整个体系的组分数、相数、自由度数为: ( )
A.C= 2，F = 2，f?*= 1?
B.<em>C</em>= 2，<em>F</em> = 2，<em>f?</em>*= 2?
C.C= 2，F = 1，f?*= 3?
D.C= 2，F = 1，f?*= 2?
25.[单选题] 298 K时,HCl(g,Mr=36.5)溶解在甲苯中的亨利常数为245 kPa×kg×mol-1,当HCl(g)在甲苯溶液中的浓度达2%时,HCl(g)的平衡压力为：( )
A.11.99 kPa
B.138 kPa
C.49 kPa
D.4.9 kPa
26.[单选题] 在某液体中加入表面活性物质后，则该液体的表面张力将： ( )
A.D.不变
B.增加
C.增加还是降低，不能确定
D.降低
27.[单选题] 等温等压下,在A和B组成的均相体系中,若A的偏摩尔体积随浓度的改变而增加,则B的偏摩尔体积将 ( )
A.增加
B.不一定
C.不变
D.减小
28.[单选题] 在饱和 AgCl 溶液中加入 NaNO3，AgCl 的饱和浓度如何变化 ？ ( )
A.变大
B.不变
C.变小
D.无法判定
29.[单选题] 某物质溶解在互不相溶的两液相<em><img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885952019013366.png" title="202109291632885952019013366.png" alt="1.png"/></em>和<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885965507066479.png" title="202109291632885965507066479.png" alt="2.png"/>中，该物质在<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885972712038987.png" title="202109291632885972712038987.png" alt="1.png"/>相中以 A 形式存在，在<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885982494032727.png" title="202109291632885982494032727.png" alt="2.png"/>相中以 A<sub>2</sub>形式存在，则<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885990240086433.png" title="202109291632885990240086433.png" alt="1.png"/>和<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632885997175001784.png" title="202109291632885997175001784.png" alt="2.png"/>两相平衡时： ( )
A.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632886025664081411.png" title="202109291632886025664081411.png" alt="c.png"/>
B.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632886016910037541.png" title="202109291632886016910037541.png" alt="b.png"/>
C.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632886032214029699.png" title="202109291632886032214029699.png" alt="d.png"/>
D.<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632886009301047505.png" title="202109291632886009301047505.png" alt="a.png"/>
30.[主观填空题] 某蛋白质在323.2 K时变性并达到平衡状态,即
天然蛋白质=====变性蛋白质
已知该变性过程的 ΔrHm(323.2 K)=29.288 kJ·mol-1 ,
则该反应的熵变 ΔrSm(323.2 K)= J·K-1·mol-1。
A.
31.[主观填空题] 从理论上分析电解时的分解电压, E分解=__________________________, 而且随电流强度I的增加而_____________。
A.
32.[主观填空题] 选择“＞”、“＜”、“＝”中的一个填入下列空格：
苯和甲苯在恒温恒压条件下,混合形成理想液体混合物,其ΔmixH _____ 0 , ΔmixS ____ 0。
A.
33.[主观填空题] 在一绝热刚性容器中进行某一化学反应，该体系的内能变化为 ______ ，焓变化为 _______ 。
A.
34.[主观填空题] 根据卡诺定律，可得到如下推论：“ 。”
A.
35.[主观填空题] 表面活性剂的结构特征是
A.
36.[主观填空题] 若铜和低碳钢相接触(例如在一个设计低劣的生活用水系统中), 受到腐蚀的金属是____________________。
A.
37.[主观填空题] 100°C时, 100 g水中含有35.4 g NaCl的溶液上方蒸气压为78 020.25 Pa。则溶液中水的活度为 。水的活度系数为 。（已知 M(NaCl)=58.44)
A.
38.[主观填空题] 乳状液可分O/W型和W/O型。一般说来, 若乳化剂是憎水性的, 形成的是_______型乳状液; 若乳化剂是亲水性的, 形成的是_________型乳状液。
A.
39.[主观填空题] 298 K 时，电池反应 <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901566166032486.png" title="202109291632901566166032486.png" alt="image.png"/> 所对应的<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901587214046287.png" title="202109291632901587214046287.png" alt="image.png"/>＝32.9 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup>,电池电动势为0.0193 V,则相同反应进度时<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901602871072395.png" title="202109291632901602871072395.png" alt="image.png"/>＝<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>，<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901622704077811.png" title="202109291632901622704077811.png" alt="image.png"/><em></em>＝______________。
A.
40.[主观填空题] 对三组分体系来说，体系最多可能有 个自由度，它们是： 。
A.
41.[主观填空题] 反应 Zn(s) + 2HCl(<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>) ＝ ZnCl<sub>2</sub>(<em>a</em><sub>2</sub>) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)，已知 25℃，<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921134902065674.png" title="202109291632921134902065674.png" alt="image.png"/>(Zn<sup>2+</sup>)值为 -147.19 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>，(<em>m</em><sup>$</sup>= 1 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>)，利用电化学方法判断25℃，当<em><img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921150679024305.png" title="202109291632921150679024305.png" alt="image.png"/></em>= 101325 Pa，<em><img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921166907040151.png" title="202109291632921166907040151.png" alt="image.png"/></em>= 10<sup>-8</sup>，<em>a</em>(Zn<sup>2+</sup>)= 10<sup>5</sup>的条件下，反应的方向为<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>。（写出基本公式，然后判断）
A.
42.[主观填空题] 界面吉布斯自由能和界面张力的相同点是
不同点是 。
A.
43.[主观填空题] 墨汁是一种胶体分散体系，在制作时，往往要加入一定量的阿拉伯胶（一种大分子物）作稳定剂，这主要是因为
A.
44.[主观填空题] 在温度为T 的抽空容器中，分别加入0.3 mol N2，0.1 mol O2及0.1 molAr，容器内总压力为101 325 kPa，则此时O2的分压力为___________。
A.
45.[主观填空题] 温度对化学反应平衡常数影响很大，在恒压下，它们的定量关系是 _________ 。当 ______时，升高温度对反应进行有利；当 _______ 时，升高温度对反应进行不利。
A.
46.[主观填空题] 反应<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632894935246079555.png" title="202109291632894935246079555.png" alt="1.png"/>的<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633766634336084617.png" title="202110091633766634336084617.png" alt="image.png"/>。若此反应在恒容绝热器中进行,则该体系的Δ<em>T</em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>零, Δ<em>U</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>零,Δ<em>H</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>零。
A.
47.[主观填空题] 在等体积相同浓度的AgNO3和KI混合液中，加入适量的HAc和NaNO3，则胶粒将优先吸附______离子，带______电。
A.
48.[主观填空题] 1 dm3水中含有1 mol NaCl和少量KNO3，在一定外压下，当气液平衡时，温度 定值(填有或没有)。
A.
49.[主观填空题] 温度测量的理论基础是______________________________________定律。
A.
50.[主观填空题] 在______、______、___________的条件下,自发变化总是朝着F______的方向进行的,直到体系达到平衡。
A.
51.[主观填空题] <em>T</em> = 298 K时, 水-空气表面张力 <em><img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901824480036909.png" title="202109291632901824480036909.png" alt="image.png"/> </em>= 7.17×10<sup>-2</sup> N·m<sup>-1</sup>, <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901839023052597.png" title="202109291632901839023052597.png" alt="image.png"/><sub></sub>= - 1.57×10<sup>-4</sup> N·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup>。在<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901854162007469.png" title="202109291632901854162007469.png" alt="image.png"/>时，可逆地增加 2 cm<sup>2</sup> 表面,对体系所作的功 <em>W</em> =___________, 熵变<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632901868696031719.png" title="202109291632901868696031719.png" alt="image.png"/>=_____________。
A.
52.[主观填空题] 冰的熔点随压力的增大而 ；正交硫的熔点随压力的增大而 。
A.
53.[主观填空题] 液滴越小，饱和蒸气压越 __________；而液体中的气泡越小，气泡内液体的饱和蒸气压越 __________ 。
A.
54.[问答题] 水溶液中反应 <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632919771023065870.png" title="202109291632919771023065870.png" alt="image.png"/>，有人设计该反应机理为：
<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632919737766027710.png" title="202109291632919737766027710.png" alt="image.png"/>
请由上述推导出反应速率方程，并求表观活化能与各元反应活化能关系。
A.
55.[问答题] 平行反应 <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632896109135018667.png" title="202109291632896109135018667.png" alt="image.png"/> <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632896123061060219.png" title="202109291632896123061060219.png" alt="image.png" width="134" height="42" style="width: 134px; height: 42px;"/> 若指前因子<em>A</em><sub>1</sub>=<em>A</em><sub>2</sub>，<em>E</em><sub>1</sub>=<em>E</em><sub>2</sub>，若要提高产物B的产率，将如何控制温度？
A.
56.[问答题] 金粉和银粉混合后加热使之熔融然后冷却得到的固体是同一相还是两相?说明原因?
A.
57.[问答题] 试设计一个电池，在其中进行下述反应
Fe<sup>2+</sup>(<em>a</em><sub>2</sub>) + Ag<sup>+</sup>(<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>) <img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFUAAAArCAYAAAAJ3cTrAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAATBJREFUaEPt1zFqAkEchfFvwUZSeQILeyEEvULK3MHGA4iQNkWKVKm9gZUexVuEVB5AkISFrbPNvlEm39Z/3jA/HrMzDX6DCzSDJxqIqIESiCpqQCAQaVNFDQgEIm2qqAGBQKRNFTUgEIi0qaIGBAKRNlXUgEAg0qaK2ivwDCyBD+DSOx0aqK2pT8A7sAK+Qma9sbWhToAdsAcOvbsPDdSG2jK9dE1dA98htz9ja0QdARtgBrwC59KwNaK2hg8d6Bx4A07ATync0qiPwBGYltpgt84W+ASuJdYtjVpiT+0a4+4IWPyHppZA9UwNKPv3HxjVe+rAoG2cL6oAqm//AOpdRNZ6pboprqgBflFFDQgEIm2qqAGBQKRNFTUgEIi0qaIGBAKRNlXUgEAg0qYGUH8Bxq4dLDCj7NAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-latex="\longrightarrow "/>Ag(s) + Fe<sup>3+</sup>(<em>a</em><sub>3</sub>)
(1) 写出电池的表达式
(2) 计算上述电池反应在 298 K时的平衡常数 <img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{K}^{\Theta }"/>
(3) 设将过量磨细银粉加到浓度为 0.05 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>的 Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>溶液中，当
反应达平衡后 Ag<sup>+ </sup>的浓度为多少？ （设活度系数均等于 1）
已知<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{\phi }^{\Theta }"/>(Ag<sup>+</sup>,Ag) = 0.7991 V ,<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEwAAAAuCAYAAACCq/96AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAA2RJREFUaEPt2VnIblMcx/HPMWTKBY4hF4YiXHBxFE7CDVFuTOlIKXGHOlKm00mchExlKIXMos6FIZRSXMgUiZRQJMmQTpKpjqFfradeu3Mu/rv32ft5s9fV87b/69nr933/a/1///WsMo0SgVWl6CnYBKyYBBOwCViRQDF8yrAJWJFAMXzKsAlYkUAxfMqwCViRQDF8pWXY0TgVr2EvHI8n8W1Rd+/wlQIs6zy7AboJvzbF++M23I/3elMoTFwpwI7C7bgSn3f0nYwrcBl+KGjvFboSgO2IG7A7NuDPjtJszYfxPB7rRaEwaZGAHYGzWib9vUTDvngaj+KpbWiLhgA9oGXg7wX95dBFAnYadsMLHRXH4Blciw/wTef54Tgd5+ACfF+mUJiwKMCyjqvwKj7qrP9EvIJbcR5+7DzfGe8gwNfhi4L+cuiiANsT1+BObOmoOBYvYiM+wdud5wEVexG7cRG+LlMoTFgUYDm/zm0W4a/O+lfjCWxuh3tXXorCJgT61fhfnGHJkr3x7Hb+2ZfgDFyKnzsxhzaQycA3C8nSK3SsDMt7D8b5bdVx8B8jFfFlvIGllXIPXN8c/QOYZWGKxI34Eg9iay8KhUljAMvWScXbCXfgD6zHPe1ztlWE39XxXDsgJjXb9138g1PweisU+XvuY2hgaWXuxVctM9LiHNaqX5x8MidA4rfirV6aO4HiC4YEtgtuxpHtLPqurbV7fu3TgMVz5VzqFoGixOUNHxLYcXiuQUgrMxvpD3P7MPNfM2DJwjyba9Wr4hwS2HW4uG2/GZxt+a84+1iIR3BLVdC844cClmp2Nw7BhfipCZtVyhzws60XCxFflb4yh/tCjaGAzczlmg6wnF/7LWmq00A/hE+3czMxOryhgEXomW2LpUFOi5NxOd7C+81mpJ9MK5T7rbk20X3JDwksvitADmotTHxT+sf7mv+KN8tIk/1LX0HznjcksGiJ+TypZVvOsRPalU0uBXMB+FkzpPPW3fv7hwa2dKFx7SkCj/de/QgTxwSWavhhO79GkN7vlWMB27WdX2mYB/uJrB+i/84aC9iB7VeetEq/LYeQob5jLGCxDmtbhRxK67K8Zyxgy7L4Mb5kAlakPgGbgBUJFMOnDJuAFQkUw6cMm4AVCRTDpwwrAvsXb8SKL8pBHoAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-latex="{\phi }^{\Theta }" style="white-space: normal;"/>(Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>) = 0.771 V .
A.
58.[问答题] 乙烷裂解制乙烯反应标C2H6—→C2H4＋H2 , 已知1073 K时，反应进行到0.202 s, 乙烷转化率为50%, 问乙烷转化率为75%时, 需要多少时间? (反应为一级反应)
A.
59.[问答题] 10g He(可视为理想气体)在400 K时压力为<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633766823999039513.png" title="202110091633766823999039513.png" alt="image.png"/>,今在等温、恒定外压<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633766846156099703.png" title="202110091633766846156099703.png" alt="image.png"/>下进行压缩。试计算此过程的<em>Q</em>,<em>W</em>及气体物质的<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632895577547009402.png" title="202109291632895577547009402.png" alt="2.png"/>和<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632895726296042655.png" title="202109291632895726296042655.png" alt="3.png"/>已知He的摩尔质量为4.00 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>。
A.
60.[问答题] 在573.15 K时，将1 mol Ne（可视为理想气体）从1000 KPa经绝热可逆膨胀到100 kPa。求Q,W,ΔU,ΔH,ΔS,ΔSiso和ΔG。已知在573.15 K,1000 kPa下Ne的摩尔熵Sm=144.2 J·K-1·mol-1。
A.
61.[问答题] 将Ag(s)插入AgNO<sub>3</sub>(0.001 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>)与NaCl(0.01 mol·kg<sup>-1</sup>)的混合溶液中形成电极，试求该电极的电极电势，已知：<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632919498850015677.png" title="202109291632919498850015677.png" alt="image.png"/>，设活度系数均为1。
A.
62.[问答题] 25℃时，已知电极 Fe│Fe2+ 和 Pt│Fe2+,Fe3+ 的标准电极电位分别为-0.440 V 和 0.771 V，求电极 Fe│Fe3+ 的标准电极电位。
A.
63.[问答题] 设有300 K的1 mol理想气体作等温膨胀,起始压力为<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921352289005951.png" title="202109291632921352289005951.png" alt="image.png"/>,终态体积为10 dm<sup>3</sup>。试计算该气体的<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921367001094475.png" title="202109291632921367001094475.png" alt="image.png"/>
A.
64.[问答题] 下列两种可逆电池在 298 K 时的电动势分别为 0.4902 V 和 0.2111 V：
Pb(s)│PbCl<sub>2</sub>(s)│KCl(aq)│AgCl(s)│Ag(s) (1)
Pb(s)│PbI<sub>2</sub>(s)│KI(aq)│AgI(s)│Ag(s) (2)
上述电池电动势的温度系数分别为：-1.86×10<sup>-4 </sup>V·K<sup>-1</sup>和 -1.27×10<sup>-4 </sup>V·K<sup>-1</sup>。
计算下列反应在 298 K 时的 <img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921452778030998.png" title="202109291632921452778030998.png" alt="image.png"/>和<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632921438811004001.png" title="202109291632921438811004001.png" alt="image.png"/>
PbI<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2AgCl(s) = PbCl<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2AgI(s)
A.
65.[问答题] 298 K时，N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(g)分解反应半 衰期 <img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEMAAAAxCAYAAACBIBS5AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAjhJREFUaEPt2E/ITUEYx/HPKylkQUSKUnZKysLCTv6sLEQWwsqKLCxEpNiIKCnSuxBCKBtRQhTZiWJBKBE7UkgipMlc7uLeO7f3nnvO6b0z62fmmd/3/J55Zs6QPP4RGMos/hPIMJrckGFkGK0Ph+yM7IzsjGTjzGWSyySXSS6TJIFcJrlMkiapqpuEvEsxCxfwLbnTEgKqgjEVZ/EeW/ClBK3JFFXBWIirOIQjyV2WFFAVjI04g+W4VZLWZJoqYIzDASzCOrxpscvJ2IFTeJ5UUVBAWTACgNWYjSnYEEUGV/zCC1zBb4zB9AjjxGiE0fztFuM6tmO4zUcdj304OdphbIsgVuLhIMOYhOOYFkvlwyDDmIuLuIed+DHIMJbhJtbjfBsQ4QCdib2xmzzoAK2gPvJ3mbK6SSPXboQ7xho8iUqW4DVeFapsBIuVCaNxXoROsQmfMAObcRifR7D/QqeUCWMijuE7QkcJ5bAL5/AMEzCvg7pQLn0dZcIIQhZEJ4QDNHSUy3gbFQYY4ULWbrzrK4mSz4x+a+l5/bKd0c2Gg2PW4iPm4Ci+djOx15g6wghvmJfxGh4edNdwu1eh3cyvI4zQaX7iNPbER9ylbsT0GlNHGA1N4Rm/HwfjPaRXrcn5dYUxFlvxCHeTKgoKqCOMsKdV8f/oY8zH/YL0dlymjjBWxD9gT+O94wbuDCqMMnS3zFFHZ2QYlRFoSpydkWG09mF2RnZGdkbyjM5lksskl0kukySBpoA/FYpRMlI9xNgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-latex="{t}_{\frac {1} {2}}"/>为 5.7 h, 此值与N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>的起始浓度无关, 试求：
(甲) 该反应的速率常数
(乙) 作用完成 90％时所需时间 。
A.
66.[问答题] 在101.325 kPa,273.15 K时，有物质的量为<em>n</em>的冰变成400.15 K的水蒸气，求<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="\Delta S"/>。已知：
冰的熔化焓<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/05/202110051633438657949026501.png" title="202110051633438657949026501.png" alt="image.png"/>
答案
水的蒸发焓<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/05/202110051633438681634042904.png" title="202110051633438681634042904.png" alt="image.png"/>
水的摩尔定压热容<em>C<sub>p</sub></em><sub>,m</sub>=75.312 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup>
水蒸气的摩尔定压热容<em>C<sub>p</sub></em><sub>,m</sub> =33.577 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup>
A.
67.[问答题] 已知某药物分解30% 即告失效。 药物溶液的原来浓度为5.0 mg·cm-3, 20个月之后，浓度变为4.2 mg·cm-3 , 假定此分解为一级反应， 试问在标签上注明的有效期限应当为多少? 此药物的半衰期是多少?
A.
68.[问答题] 298 K时，1 kg蔗糖转化 95%需时843 min，求蔗糖转化反应的半衰期。
A.
69.[问答题] 若一级反应∶ A → 产物 其初速率 <em>r</em>。= 1×10<sup>-3</sup> mol·dm<sup>-3</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>，反应进行 1 h 后，速率 <em>r</em> = 0.25×10<sup>-3</sup> mol·dm<sup>-3</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>。
求速率常数<em>k</em>，半衰期<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/09/29/202109291632902541611091308.png" title="202109291632902541611091308.png" alt="image.png"/>及初始浓度 [A]。
A.
70.[问答题] 1 mol双原子分子理想气体，始态的p1=100 kPa,T1=300 K,经等压可逆过程到终态T2=500 K，计算过程的Q,W及体系的ΔU,ΔH,ΔS,ΔF,ΔG。
已知始态熵S1=13.50 J·K-1。
A.
71.[问答题] 今将某物质A放入一反应器中，反应1 h消耗A 75%，试问反应2 h还剩下多少A?请分别按反应为一级反应，二级反应，零级反应求算。
A.
72.[问答题] 已知 298 K时, AgBr 在纯水中的活度积 <em>K</em><sub>ap</sub>＝4.86×10<sup>-13</sup>。<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633767443930004332.png" title="202110091633767443930004332.png" alt="image.png"/>
试求：
<img src="http://zuoye.eduwest.com/resourcefile/uploadFiles/file/questionImgs2018/2021/10/09/202110091633767473235027016.png" title="202110091633767473235027016.png" alt="image.png"/>
A.
73.[问答题] 已知在<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{p}^{\Theta }"/>,298 K时,H<sub>2</sub>(g)的摩尔熵为130.7 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup>,摩尔定压热容为<em>C</em><em><sub>p</sub></em><sub>, m</sub> = 28.87 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup>。求：
(1) <img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{p}^{\Theta }" style="white-space: normal;"/>,373 K时H<sub>2</sub>(g)的摩尔熵；
(2) 1mol H<sub>2</sub>(g)在<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="{p}^{\Theta }" style="white-space: normal;"/>下由298 K加热到373 K的<img class="kfformula" src="data:image/png;base64,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" data-latex="\Delta {G}^{\Theta }"/>。
A.
附件由
整理，转载注明 雅宝答案网
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发表于 2023-4-4 09:02:25
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