《大学基础英语1》线上学习（2024级）
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问题 1: 1. In each exercise, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by writing down the corresponding letter.
Lack of Practical Craft Skills—A Serious Problem of Fashion Students
A) Imtaz Khaliq describes herself as a tailor and a designer. The double label is important because she believes that the practical craft skills needed to be a designer are just as critical as the vision.
B) She says too many students are coming out of fashion design courses in universities and art colleges lacking these skills, and her view is shared by other leading figures in this profession. She knows this because as well as being a name in the fashion world, Khaliq is equally in demand as a teacher. In particular, she finds herself being asked to fill in the gaps that should have been filled by the education system.
C) Fashion students who realize that universities are not teaching them the basic skills they need to work in the fashion industry, and graduates who have found this out the hard way when applying for jobs, are trooping to her studio in Dalston, east London, to learn basic techniques such as pattern-making and even sewing.
Serious consequences
D) The consequences of this are serious for the young people finding it difficult to get employed, and for the UK's fashion textile industry, which faces worsening problems in recruiting new blood with the right skills, according to Skillfast, the sector skills council for fashion and textiles. Its chief executive, Linda Florance, points out that the UK's textile industry is holding up while other manufacturing output is falling because its businesses compete at the top end of the market through luxury brands, technical improvement and design. The UK model for competitiveness requires highly skilled people with a broad range of practical talents, but the education and training system just isn't delivering enough of them, and employers are increasingly concerned, she says.
E) Despite the fact that UK universities turn out 3,000 fashion and textiles design graduates each year, employers complain of a skills shortage because these graduates lack the ability to turn designs into articles of clothing.
F) Khaliq shares this diagnosis (判断). Many of the young students and recent graduates she sees have not been equipped with the minimum skills they need for careers in the industry, she says. It's a pity that these students are paying fees on courses that are not providing them with the skills they need to work in industry, she says. And when they are getting into industry, it's sending them back out to get the training. One student who graduated in fashion design this year from a Midlands university, and who has just spent a day at Khaliq's studio, approves this view. I wasn't able to do a basic block and yet it's the first thing you need to learn, she says. With the tuition fees (学费) you're paying, the universities should teach you what you need to know.
G) Helen David, a co-founder of English Eccentrics, a small fashion house specialising in hand-printed and hand-embroidered (手工刺绣的) clothing and scarves (披巾), shares Khaliq's view. David became concerned last year after she interviewed for an assistant. They all had good performance in fashion and textiles but the lack of the skills they showed was alarming, she says. Even a very creative company like mine needs technical skills. Technical skills aren't boring—they are essential.
H) Some courses are obviously very good, and take pains to place students in work opportunities, she admits. The best are sandwich courses where the students have to work for a minimum period of six months in industry.
I) Fashion design is partly academic, partly vocational (职业的). I've no problem with that. But a lot of students don't know how to sew or pattern-cut. They can do wonderful research into fashions of the 19th century, but it's not much use.
J) Khaliq could feel the sharp difference between the inadequacies (不足) of some graduates and the high quality of trainees who have come to work with her from Denmark and Germany. They have seemed much better prepared. In Denmark, for instance, they have been trained on the job.
K) British students are, by contrast, often told by staff at colleges and universities that other people will manufacture the designs they come up with, an inaccurate and damaging message, Khaliq says. Everybody's being trained to be this honorable designer but only 1% make that. The rest have to get work, and they are not equipped to do that.
Damaging imbalance
L) There is a damaging imbalance in the amount of public funding that goes on educating fashion designers to the weakening of the skills that the industry needs, according to Linda Florance. 110 million pounds is spent on fashion and textiles courses, of which 80 million pounds is on fashion design. This imbalance is not new, says Sara Layton, a pattern cutter who graduated in 1998. There's too much emphasis on being a designer, she says. There are a lot of designers who would like to start their own businesses. In a small business you have to do everything—pattern-cutting, machining and making up clothes. Layton quickly realised after graduating that she would have to go to evening classes to pick up these skills. And although she is now established in her career, she still feels the need to come to Khaliq for extra training.
M) Research by Skillfast on more than 2,000 fashion and textiles employers has found that 5% of the workforce—17,000 people—have stayed on beyond retirement age because their businesses cannot find suitably skilled younger replacements.
N) Pattern-cutting, sample-making and other key skills are being squeezed out of fashion degree courses because they are expensive to teach and require large amounts of space and specialist equipment, says Florance.
O) Skillfast's campaign, Behind the Seams, is trying to convince politicians that the problem is serious and that funding should be taken from courses that don't meet employers' needs. Our industry's products feed at least 20 other industry sectors, and our ability to be competitive has a major impact on the wider economy, Florance says.
1. It is the responsibility of universities to teach students necessary technical skills because they have paid their tuition.
2. Some courses require students to work for a certain period of time to gain working experience.
3. With its influence on many industrial sectors, fashion industry plays a very important role in the country's economy.
4. Being a designer, Khaliq has both the imagination and the technical skills necessary for the profession.
5. The majority of fashion graduates will have to work in areas where technical skills are required.
6. Fashion textile industry is badly influenced by the lack of craft skills of fashion graduates.
7. More funding goes to educating fashion design than teaching technical skills.
8. Students with good scores when at school don't have the technical skills which are extremely important in the profession.
9. Qualified young workers are hard to find to take the place of those who have reached their retirement age.
10. Fashion graduates can design clothes, but can't make clothes.
选项:
答案: F
问题 2: 2. Nine Ways to Organize Your Photos
A) The end of summer has many parents asking a burning question: How do I organize my photos? Most of us have taken a lot of photos on several different devices, our real camera, our phone, and perhaps a tablet. Photos tend to pile up over the summer when kids are out of school and many families go on vacation. But year after year, month after month photos accumulate leaving parents to wonder what to do with all of them. For the past couple of years I've tried to take at least a photo a day, which has left me with more photos than most and forced me into finding a simple but effective organizational system. After some trial-and-error (不断摸索) I've found a streamlined way to keep my photos organized.
B) First, delete, delete, delete. The great thing about digital photography is how easy it is to take so many so many photos. The bad thing about digital photography is how easy it is to take so many photos. Do you really need seven photos of your daughter building a sand castle? And, sure that burger was good but will you really want a photo of it 10 years from now? Make it easier to organize your photos by weeding out the keepers and ditching the rest.
C) Second, create a folder. This one is easy. Although there are many different places to store photos, I like to start with creating a folder on my hard drive since I import photos from different devices. This folder can be named something simple as simple as Photos and can be moved easily to a new computer or backed up quickly.
D) Third, make chronological sub-folders. Start with your current photos and make a folder for 2015. Within each folder, create a folder for each month that starts with a number. This way, you keep your photos in chronological, rather than alphabetical, order. So, January would be 01 January, and February would be 02 February and so on. Put all of your photos from a given month in the correct folder. Often you will remember in which month (or so) an event occurred and this makes it easy to locate a photo when you need to.
E) Fourth, separate your special occasions. Some months you may take only a few photos while other months there may be occasions where you take tons of photos. For those times, make a sub-folder within the appropriate month with a simple, descriptive name such as John's Seventh Birthday Party or Trip to Disney World. That way, your special occasion photos will be easy to find.
F) Fifth, import photos at least monthly. It's not always possible to import and save photos to your computer the same day you take them. However, I encourage everyone to import their photos as soon as they can to avoid an accidental loss. A good time to put photos on your to-do list is the end of the month when you will be able to fill up your folder for that month. This is also a good time to take photos off from your camera's memory card and email yourself the pictures from your phone or other devices.
G) Sixth, name your photos well. When I save my photos I use long names to make them easy to search. If you find yourself taking a lot of photos you may want to use the day of the month as the first part of your naming scheme although this isn't necessary. If you have multiple children you should also include their names in the photo's name. Similarly, you may want to include the name of the place as well. For example, if you take a photo of your son Jack on August 28, 2015 at Sunny Street Playground you would name your photo 28 Jack Sunny Street Playground then place it in the August folder within your 2015 folder. This will enable you to search for only photos of Jack or only photos taken at playgrounds later on.
H) Seventh, back up. It's inevitable that you will have a hard drive crash at some point, so it is essential to back up your photos frequently. I recommend doing this at least monthly. There are many different backup systems available and through trail-and-error you will find the one that works for you. I use two external hard drives that I keep in different places. There are also several online backup storage systems that will back up your photos for a fee. Printing is also an option!
I) Eighth, tackle the backlog. Most parents have tons of unorganized photos going back until their child's birth. While this system is relatively easy to implement, it may seem daunting (令人畏惧的) to go back and organize six or 10 years' worth of photos. The good news is that you can organize your older photos gradually. Set a goal of finishing a year's worth of photos over a month or two or even six. Looking through your old photos will be a fun trip down memory lane and you will probably enjoy the process. As you are going through your old photos, remember to delete the ones that aren't keepers. If you are unable to determine in which month old photos were taken or find it too time-consuming to do so, concentrate just on organizing the photos by year and pay attention to creating folders for special events like Johnny's First Day of Kindergarten or Halloween so that you can easily find them later.
J) Last, create folders by event. If you want to take your photo organization one step further, you can create additional folders to group all photos of a similar theme together. Just imagine how much fun it would be to look through a Halloween or First Day of School folder containing an image or two from each year when your child is getting older. Once you get in the habit of organizing photos it will become second nature and will go quickly. You will likely look at your photos more often if you save only the keepers and can easily find the ones that matter most to you. And, when it comes time to put together a collage (拼贴画) of photos for your daughter's high school graduation party or your son's rehearsal dinner, you will be so glad to be able to find those photos that capture the special moments your children had growing up.
1. Organizing old photos is a time-consuming but enjoyable process.
2. Creating sub-folders in time order is an effective way to organize photos.
3. Taking photos easily is both a blessing and a curse.
4. It is meaningful to have folders for special events, which may contain photos taken over many years.
5. Longer photo names are preferable because photos with longer names are easy to locate.
6. You are suggested to create sub-folders for special events within corresponding months.
7. Don't hesitate to remove unnecessary photos to reduce your workload.
8. It is advisable to transfer photos to your hard drive at the end of each month.
9. Organizing photos is a problem for many parents.
10. There are many ways to back up your photos and you can choose one that suits you.
选项:
答案: I |
发表于 2025-4-11 17:44:43
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