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西南大学培训与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷学期：2021年春季
课程名称【编号】： 语言学导论【0181】 A卷
考试类别:大作业 满分：100分
Ⅰ. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
1. ______ refers to the fact that there is no necessary or logical relationship between a linguistic form and its meaning.
A. Displacement B. Creativity C. Arbitrariness D. Duality
2. _______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.
A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes D. Compounds
3. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “plant/grass”? ______.
A. Homonymy B. Hyponymy C. Antonymy D. Synonymy
4. The last phoneme in the word “hang” is a_______.
A. glottal B. palatal C. dental D. nasal
5. The father of Transformational-Generative Grammar is _______.
A. J. L. Austin B. M. A. K. Halliday
C. F. de Saussure D. N. Chomsky
6. The syllabic structure of the word “achieved” is ______.
A. VCCVCC B. VCVCC C. VCVVCVC D. VCCVCVC
7. _______ is a type of phonological process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound.
A. Assimilation B. Transformation C. Code-switching D. Interference
8. _______ refers to the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an error or inappropriate form in the target language.
A. Interlanguage B. Positive transfer
C. Negative transfer D. Overgeneralization
9. Conjunctions, preposition, pronouns and articles can be classified as ____.
A. lexical words B. grammatical words
C. pro-forms D. content words
10. In testing, _______ refers to the degree to which a test gives consistent results when it is given on different occasions or when it is used to test different people.
A. practicality B. reliability C. validity D. objectivityⅡ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (20%)
11. Diachronic linguistics refers to the study of the language development or change over time.
12. Applied linguistics, in its narrow sense, is the bridge between the theories of linguistics and the practice of foreign language teaching.
13. Diglossia refers to the situation where two languages are used side by side by an individual or by a group of speakers, with each having a different role to play.
14. Hyponymy refers to the sameness of meaning between words.
15. Cultural transmission refers to the fact that language can used to talk about things that are absent in time or space.
16. Derivation is the process where a word is formed by combining parts of other words.
17. Ultimate constituents are the smallest grammatical units obtained through binary cutting in structural analysis.
18. An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents.
19. Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds, providing methods for their description, classification and transcription.
20. Morphology studies the formation of sentences.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questions based on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
“Tear them apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee (裁判)!”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”; “enemy”; “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
21. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B. The words people use can influence their behavior.
C. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
22. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.
A. are too eager to win
B. are usually short-tempered and easily offended
C. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D. treat their rivals as enemies
23. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A. He refused to continue the game.
B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C. He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
24. According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.
A. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
B. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
C. lie down on the ground as an act of protest
D. kick the ball across the court with force
25. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.
A. calling on players to use clean language on the court
B. raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
C. changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D. regulating the relationship between players and referees
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)
26. Chinese English learners make various errors in speaking or writing in English. How should their errors be treated by their teachers? (20%)27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)
(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sure your answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss of marks.) |
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